Textbooks:

William Stallings, Computer organization and architecture: Designing for performance, 9th edition, Prentice Hall, 2013. [PDF]
David Patterson and John Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design, 5th edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2014. [PDF]

C Programming

B. Kernighan and D. Ritchie, C Programming Language, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 1988. [PDF]

Resources

1. Number representations

2. von Newmann model

3. Instruction sets